The journal maintains a rigorous commitment to academic integrity, transparency, and scholarly accountability. The following protocols outline the journal’s approach to post-publication matters:

1. Post-Publication Correspondence

Authors are encouraged to engage with post-publication discourse and must be responsive to scholarly correspondence, critiques, and requests for clarification. Readers may submit comments or queries regarding published content, which, subject to editorial review, may be published online and in subsequent issues. Authors will be given the opportunity to respond in a timely and scholarly manner.

2. Errata and Corrections

Where errors are identified that affect the overall results or conclusions of a publication, a formal correction notice (erratum or corrigendum) will be issued. Corrections will be clearly linked to the original publication and made freely accessible to readers. Minor errors (e.g., typographical errors, author name misspellings, or incorrect affiliations) that do not impact the scientific record may not warrant formal corrections.

3. Retractions and Expressions of Concern

In cases where significant errors, data falsification, ethical breaches, plagiarism, or duplicate publication are identified post-publication, the journal may issue a retraction or an expression of concern, in accordance with guidelines from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The process will be carried out transparently and will involve consultation with the authors, reviewers, and relevant institutions as appropriate.

• Retractions will be issued when the integrity of the research is compromised, rendering the findings unreliable.
• Expressions of Concern may be issued pending the outcome of an investigation when serious concerns have been raised but conclusive evidence is not yet available.

4. Author Accountability

Authors are expected to take full responsibility for the content of their work, including the accuracy of data, the integrity of their methods, and the ethical approval of their research. Any post-publication inquiries that raise concerns about authorship, data availability, or research ethics will be investigated thoroughly.

5. Editorial Responsibility

The editorial board reserves the right to initiate post-publication review or investigations should credible concerns arise regarding the integrity of any published work. Editors will ensure that such processes are conducted confidentially, fairly, and in alignment with established ethical guidelines.

6. Archival Integrity

Any changes to published articles, including corrections, retractions, or updates, will be recorded and timestamped to maintain the historical integrity of the scholarly record.